In saltwater muds, an undersaturated fluid is used to allow salt to leach into the mud, keeping the hole from closing in on the drilling assembly. Tracy method for predicting the performance of internal gas drive reservoir uses the material balance equation for a volumetric undersaturated oil reservoir, which is written as. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. With this foundation in place, they turn to the principles of fluid flow, water influx, and advanced recovery including a basic introduction to hydrofracturing. In brines, an undersaturated solution will not form crystals as easily as if it were saturated or supersaturated. The following material balance equations apply in both cases. The material balance checks are shown on the sheet material balance.
The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions. Development of material balance equations for coalbed. The more saturated an oil, the closer the oil gets to becoming a solid instead of a liquid at room temperature. Well cover calculating gas in place using the material balance. Oil is undersaturated, and all the volatile components are dissolved in oil as long as. If one understands thermodynamic states, one can get really good at deriving material balance relationships for different reservoirs. For strictly undersaturated oil reservoirs, no free gas exists i. Resbal can handle a wide range of hydrocarbon fluid types and reservoir drive mecha. Next, they explain the material balance approach in depth, and demonstrate its application to singlephase gas, gascondensate, undersaturated oil, and saturated oil reservoirs. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering course by ron terry.
Resbal is a stateofthe art material balance analytic tool from plano research corporation. Wellbore utility chart10 this is a spreadsheet used to show downhole completion history, future recompletions, and current wellbore status. Pdf reservoir fluids properties are very important in reservoir engineering computations such as material balance calculations, well testing analyses. For instance, if the reservoir is initially undersaturated, then an f w e vs. Chapter 3 material balance applied to oil reservoirs. The new, generalized material balance equation leads to an improved method of reservoir performance analysis. Pdf methods for simultaneously evaluating reserve and. The difference between the gas phase liquid contents rv at two ends of any segment of the pipe is the indication of liquid holdup in that segment. Oil recovery by internal gas drive oil is produced from volumetric, undersaturated reservoirs by the expansion of reservoir fluids. For undersaturated reservoir singlephase flow, the mbe presents np as an. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition book. This technique allows tracking reservoir pressure and fluid characteristics changes as a function of time, providing accurate well and field production forecast and a reserves estimate. A summary of the various havlena and odeh plots is also. They are routinely used to estimate oil and gas reserves and.
The materialbalance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. Material balance and decline curve analysis used as. Material balance undersaturated reservoir top dog engineer. Over geological times, as more and more material is deposited, the original sand becomes buried corresponding to point b, with grain pressure pb.
Material balance and decline curve analysis used as procedure for estimating reserves a case study of d4 and w1 fields o. Material balance applied to oil reservoirs 101 when the reservoir sand is initially being deposited it is a t point a on the compaction curve, fig. Material balance archives applied petroleum reservoir. Estimation of naturally fractured oil reservoir properties. If the water influx history is known and the ooip unknown, the material balance methods in the previous sections are directly applicable. Of this only 0% to 5% of oil is recovered above the bubblepoint. Material balance oil and gas directory petroleum software. Development of material balance equations for coalbed methane. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering course by ron. Drive mechanisms enhanced oil recovery ifp training. Some basic fluid property definitions are provided here. Aquifer material balance wabamun area co 2 sequestration project wasp author rob lavoie rev. There is usually no production of water during oil recovery unless the reservoir pressure drops sufficiently for the connate water to expand sufficiently to be mobile.
An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer such. E owf plot can be used to confirm the mechanism and estimate the ooip. The material balance equation can be simplified, as all the terms for oil production, liquid expansion and rock expansion can be neglected. Material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. The havlenaodeh linearization technique is used to solve for unknown variables in the material balance equation equation 3. The material balance equations discussed in chapter 6, for undersaturated oil reservoirs, apply to volumetric and waterdrive reservoirs in which there are no initial. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluidsinplace ofip based on production and static pressure data. The material balance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. The materialbalance equation is the simplest expression of the. The definitive guide to petroleum reservoir engineeringnow fully updated to reflect new technologies and easier calculation methods craft and hawkins classic introduction to petroleum reservoir engineering is now fully updated selection from applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition book. Jun 01, 2015 this describes the oil material balance equation and solves a spreadsheet example. In applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition, renowned expert ronald e. Date description prepared by 1 august 3, 2009 nisku oil pool aquifer material balance analysis rob lavoie 2 december 21, 2009 nisku oil pool aquifer material balance analysis rob lavoie. The final reservoir type is the saturated oil reservoir and is distinguished by the presence of both liquid and gas in the reservoir.
The basic equation is the equations used to calculate ogip original gas in place are gas reservoir with active water drive. Keywords bubblepoint pressure, depletion drive, material balance, numerical. Volumetric undersaturatedoil reservoirs linear form of mbe here we 0. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering 3rd edition. A generalized approach to reservoir material balance calculations. As production proceeds, pressure drops and the gas and oil viscosities and volume factors continually change.
Computer modeling and simulation for undersaturated. The industry standard for reservoir engineering craft and hawkins classic introduction to petroleum reservoir engineering with applied petroleum reservoir engineering has been fully updated for new technologies and methods, preparing students and practitioners to succeed in the modern. Software is provided to help in understanding this process and for use in. Oil recovery from this type of reservoir is typically between 20% and 30% of original oil in place i. For calculations of the insitu rates, we need to recall the concept of material balance of oil and gascomponents all along the wellbore or any pipe. Material balance, is an application of conservation of mass to gain a good understanding of reservoir and production systems which will lead to reliable simulation studies. The movement of free gas will depend on several factors, one is the gas oil relative permeability curve. Material balance evaluation mbe has long been identified as a useful means of establishing connected hydrocarbon volume initially in place and reservoir drive mechanism1,2. Therefore, the sum of volume changes of oil, gas, water and rock in the reservoir should be equal to zero 18, 2224. If a gas cap is present ini tially, then the initial pressure is equal to the bubble point pressure. Rescalc solves for z factor, volumetrics, material balance, water drive. The movement of free gas will depend on several factors, one is the gasoil relative permeability curve. Havlena and odeh grouped similar terms together to simplify the application of the relationship. Material balance equations department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics professor jon kleppe norwegian university of science and technology august 21, 2017 5 by combining the 5 equations above, and grouping terms, we obtain the material balance relationships, as shown below.
A case study authors eugene esor nigerian agip oil. Without baseline performance, youre in the dark when trying to optimize database and application performance. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, terry, ronald e. Adeolu abstractreserves are frequently estimated before drilling or any subsurface development, during the development drilling of the field, after some. Down to the bubblepoint pressure, the production is caused by liquid oil and connate water expansion and rock compressibility. If the materialbalance equation is solved for the produced fraction of the original free oil in place, then 21 eq. Next, they introduce key principles of fluid flow, water influx, and advanced recovery including hydraulic fracturing. Oil and gas reservoir material balance programs using the. Computer modeling and simulation for undersaturated primary drive.
A generalized approach to reservoir material balance. Wabamun area co 2 sequestration project wasp page 2 of 25. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet. Perform a material balance analysis on the louisiana volatile oil reservoir in the field example. Material balance calculations for gas reservoirs for a singlephase gas reservoir, the mb equation takes the form.
It is a powerful software package for analyzing and predicting the performance of combination drive oil and gas reservoirs. The free gas may remain distributed throughout the reservoir as insoluble bubbles. Abstract material balance evaluation mbe has long been identified as a useful. Material balance applied petroleum reservoir engineering. Pdf a new solution methodology to the material balance. Pdf new correlation for predicting undersaturated oil. The material balance technique for calculating gas reserves, like material balance for oil, attempts to mathematically equilibrate changes in reservoir volume as a result of production. The material balance can be simplified depending on what type of reservoir we are interested in analyzing. A forward material balance calculates the final liquid composition from the original composition, liquid saturations, zfactors, amounts of gas removed, and the gas compositions at each step. A combination of the analytical nonlinear regression and the linear pz, havlenaodeh etc methods was used in establishing the correct material balance model, thereby giving confidence in the obtained results. The material balance equations considered assume tank type behaviour at any given datum depth the reservoir is considered to have the same pressure and fluid properties at any location in the reservoir.
Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, 3rd edition informit. Pdf computer modeling and simulation for undersaturated. This method is based on analytical pseudo steady state equation of undersaturated oil reservoir as follows. The material balance equation also helps explain most oilrecovery strategies. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer. Flowing material balance fmb method flowing material balance fmb method 4 is similar to conventional material balance analysis but does not need any shutin pressure except initial reservoir pressure. The material balance equation possesses high degree of inaccuracies of the measured reservoir pressure, and the model fails when decrease in reservoir pressure is not feasible, such as in pressuremaintenance operation. The candidate reservoirs, which range from undersaturated oil to gas. This describes the oil material balance equation and solves a spreadsheet example. Now, we will apply the above material balance equation to the three fluids involved, oil, gas and water. Chapter 3material balance applied to oil reservoirs 3. Therefore, the sum of volume changes of oil, gas, water and rock in. Oil and gas reservoir material balance programs using the microsoft excel spreadsheet.
Using gas and water production data provided by cbm dynamic analysis software, the reserves of undersaturated cbm reservoirs evaluated by the proposed method are in good agreement with those from cbm dynamic analysis software, which proves that the proposed material balance equations and corresponding methods are reasonable and reliable. They are routinely used to estimate oil and gas reserves and predict future reservoir performance. Highly saturated oils tend to be at least semisolid at room temperature. Estimate the ooip million stb and confirm the suspected solution gas drive producing mechanism if possible. In saltwater muds, an under saturated fluid is used to allow salt to leach into the mud, keeping the hole from closing in on the drilling assembly. Tracy method for predicting the performance of internal gas drive reservoir uses the material balance equation for a volumetric undersaturated oil reservoir which is written as. Use of material balance to enhance 3d reservoir simulation. Pdf the material balance equation mbe is a versatile analytical tool in petroleum. Dec 19, 2014 the material balance equation can be written as. Its simple, your first state is initial reservoir pressure and your second state is a pressure below reservoir pressure. A critical saturation may need to develop before the onset of gas movement. The equation mathematically defines the different producing mechanisms and effectively relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the subsequent fluid withdrawal. These saturated fats play a predictable role in the cooking properties of an oil.
With 247 monitoring, you can see and report on performance impacts after changes are made, allowing you to correctly optimize the database. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering 3rd edition pdf. Formation volume factor fvf the ratio of a phase volume water, oil, gas, or gas plus oil at reservoir conditions, relative to the volume of a surface phase water, oil, or gas at standard conditions resulting when the reservoir material is brought to the surface. Reservoir drive mechanisms can be identified by the material balance method. Water influx w e initial freegascap volume which is proportional to g fgi. Material balance in waterdrive reservoirs petrowiki. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions fluid properties. In this work, a flowing material balance equation fmbe is established for undersaturated coalbed methane cbm reservoirs, which considers immobile free gas expansion effect at the dewatering stage. Primary recovery from undersaturated oil reservoirs depend on rock and. Introduction material balance calculations are a useful method of reservoir performance analysis. See chapter 3 of applied petroleum reservoir engineering third edition for the derivation. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, 3rd edition.
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